The Legal System

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Constitution is the basic law of a country（http://www.top-watches-brand.com/）. It is a system of laws, rules and principles, according to which a country is organized and governed with regard to such fundamental matters as legislative, executive and judicial power and authority. The constitution of a country formally states the rights and duties of its people. There are various types of constitution. It can be divided into written constitution and unwritten constitution. The United States has a written constitution while Britain has an unwritten constitution. The British Constitution, unlike that of most other countries, is not set out in any single document. The British Constitution is formed partly by statute, partly by common law, and partly by conventional law. Statute is a law passed by Parliament or a similar law-making body and written down formally. Common law is a law developed from old customs and from decisions made by judges, but not created by Parliament. There are three contrasting types of economic systems in which individual economic units can interact with one another. The three basic ways may ...
... be described as the traditional system, the administered system and the market system.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. A person's position within the economic system is fixed by his or her parentage, religion and custom. Transactions also take place on the basis of tradition. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. In a traditional system, every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone. So progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.The administered system is an administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy, which is called planned economy. In a system where planned economy is practiced, production, distribution and consumption are all controlled by the government. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, exchange, and consumption for the whole economy.In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact with each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods or concrete goods are traded against each other. A person can exchange an ax with another person for five sheep. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an ax in exchange for five sheep may not always be an easy task. As a barter economy can lead to difficulties for the traders, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange makes transactions much easier. Conventional law, which is also called conventions, refers to rules and practices which are not legally enforceable, but which are regarded as indispensable to the working of government. The British Constitution can be altered by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement, and is thus adaptable to changing political conditions. Act of Parliament is a law which has been passed by the House of Commons and House of Lords and given the Royal Assent. If a parliamentary bill receives royal assent, the king or queen agrees to it and signs it so that it becomes law. The judiciary interprets statutes and determines common law.The U.S. Constitution is the basic law from which the United States Government derives all its power. It is the law which protects the inhabitants of this nation from arbitrary actions by the Federal Government or any individual state. The Bill of Rights is formed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States, and it is probably its most significant and far-reaching portion. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual liberties: freedom of speech, religion and assembly, the right to a fair trial, the security of one's home. Every time when the situation of the country changed, the U.S. Congress would amend or revise its constitution in order to improve it. An amendment to the constitution is a passage, which is added to the constitution for its alteration and improvement. The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution in 1791. Since then, the Constitution has been amended only sixteen times, and one of these amendments merely repealed another. Most of the others have made only slight（http://www.designer-cheap.com/）