Types Of Burn

By Author: vikas gupta
Total Articles: 34
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Burns are described according to the depth of injury to the dermis and are loosely classified into first, second, third and fourth degrees. Burns are caused by a wide variety of substances and external sources such as exposure to chemicals, friction, electricity, radiation, and heat. There are different types causes of burn-

Chemical: Most chemicals that cause chemical burns are strong acids or bases. Chemical burns can be caused by caustic chemical compounds such as sodium hydroxide or silver nitrate, and acids such as sulfuric acid. Hydrofluoric acid can cause damage down to the bone and its burns are sometimes not immediately evident.

Electrical: Electrical burns are caused by either an electric shock or an uncontrolled short circuit (A burn from a hot, electrified heating element is not considered an electrical burn). Common occurrences of electrical burns include workplace injuries, or being defibrillated or cardioverted without a conductive gel. Lightning is also a rare cause of electrical burns. Since normal physiology involves a vast number of applications of electrical forces, ranging from neuromuscular ...
... signaling to coordination of wound healing, biological systems are very vulnerable to application of supraphysiologic electric fields. Some electrocutions produce no external burns at all, as very little current is required to cause fibrillation of the heart muscle. Therefore, even when the injury does not involve any visible tissue damage, electrical shock survivors may experience significant internal injury.[14] The internal injuries sustained may be disproportionate to the size of the burns seen (if any), and the extent of the damage is not always obvious.

Radiation: Radiation burns are caused by protracted exposure to UV light (as from the sun), tanning booths, radiation therapy (in people undergoing cancer therapy), sunlamps, radioactive fallout, and X-rays. By far the most common burn associated with radiation is sun exposure, specifically two wavelengths of light UVA, and UVB, the latter being more dangerous. Tanning booths also emit these wavelengths and may cause similar damage to the skin such as irritation, redness, swelling, and inflammation. More severe cases of sun burn result in what is known as sun poisoning or "heatstroke". Microwave burns are caused by the thermal effects of microwave radiation.

Scalding: Scalding is caused by hot liquids (water or oil) or gases (steam), most commonly occurring from exposure to high temperature tap water in baths or showers or spilled hot drinks.A so called immersion scald is created when an extremity is held under the surface of hot water, and is a common form of burn seen in child abuse.A blister is a "bubble" in the skin filled with serous fluid as part of the body's reaction to the heat and the subsequent inflammatory reaction. The blister "roof" is dead and the blister fluid contains toxic inflammatory mediators. Scald burns are more common in children, especially "spill scalds" from hot drinks and bath water scalds.

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