Improvement In Crop Yields

By Author: Pierce Brosnan
Total Articles: 127
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Introduction to improvement in crop yields:

Crop improvement refers to the genetic alteration of plants to improve its yields.

A number of genetic techniques were developed for plant breeding, such as improved techniques to search for and store increased genetic variability, different techniques to develop variable populations for selection, and improved methods of testing to separate genetic from environmental effects.

Explanation to Improvement of crop yields

Scientific research has made a considerable contribution in increasing the crop varieties and crop yields. The greater use of fertilizers and genetic manipulations has increased the crop yields. Improvement in crop varieties has made them to survive stress conditions like temperature, Ph levels, drought and heavy rains, so the annual yields of crop has increased.

Methods for Improvement of crop yields

Mass selection: - In mass selection, seeds are collected from (usually a few dozen to a few hundred) desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed ...
... seed. This procedure, sometimes referred to as phenotypic selection, is based on how each individual looks. Mass selection has been used widely to improve old “land” varieties, varieties that have been passed down from one generation of farmers to the next over long periods

Pure-line selection: - Pure-line selection generally involves three steps: (1) numerous superior appearing plants are selected from a genetically variable population; (2) pro-genies of the individual plant selections are grown and evaluated by simple observation, frequently over a period of several years; and (3) when selection can no longer be made on the basis of observation alone, extensive trials are undertaken, involving careful measurements to determine whether the remaining selections are superior in yielding ability and other aspects of performance.

Hybridization: - object of hybridization is to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce pure-breeding progeny superior in many respects to the parental types

Synthetic varieties: - A synthetic variety is developed by inter crossing a number of genotypes of known superior combining ability—i.e., genotypes that are known to give superior hybrid performance when crossed in all combination. Synthetic varieties are known for their hybrid vigor and for their ability to produce usable seed for succeeding seasons. Because of these advantages, synthetic varieties have become increasingly favored in the growing of many species, such as the forage crops, in which expense prohibits the development or use of hybrid varieties.

Mutation Breeding: -Treatment of seeds with mutagens like physical mutagens for example- X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, fast and thermal (slow) neutrons and ultra violet rays and chemical mutagens like alkylating agents, base analogues, acridine dyes, and others.

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