Functions Of An Ecosystem

By Author: Pierce Brosnan
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Introduction to function of cerebral cortex:

Cerebral cortex is a thin but highly convoluted outer layer of gray matter that covers cerebral hemispheres. It is collection of neuronal cell bodies (soma) in CNS and gives grey appearance to outer part of brain. Cerebral cortex contains over one billion cell bodies and is composed of six horizontal layers that differ in type of constituent neurons and connectivity.

Convolutions, called gyri, are separated by shallow grooves called sulci (sing, sulcus). Sulci divide each cerebral hemisphere into lobes. Frontal lobe is anterior to parietal lobe, which is anterior to occipital lobe. Temporal lobe is lateral portion of cerebral hemisphere.

Cerebral cortex has three parts namely: sensory, motor, and association areas. These carry out different functions.

Function of Cerebral Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of Cortex :

Primary motor area is in frontal lobe just anterior to central sulcus. Voluntary commands to skeletal muscles begin in primary motor area, and each part of body is controlled by a certain section.

Primary somatosensory area ...
... is just posterior to central sulcus in parietal lobe. Sensory information from skin and skeletal muscles arrives here, where each part of body is sequentially represented.

Primary taste area, also in parietal lobe, accounts for taste sensations.

Primary visual area in occipital lobe receives information from eyes

Primary auditory area in temporal lobe receives information from ears.

Function of Cerebral Cortex

Association areas of Cortex :

Association areas are places where integration occurs.

Premotor area is anterior to primary motor area and organizes motor functions for skilled motor activities. Primary motor area sends signals to cerebellum, which integrates them.

Somatosensory association area, located just posterior to primary somatosensory area, processes and analyzes sensory information from skin and muscles.

Visual association area associates new visual information with previously received visual information. It might “decide”, for example, whether one has seen this face, tool, or whatever before.

Auditory association area performs same functions with regard to sounds.

Processing Centers are few areas of cortex that receive information from other association areas and perform higher-level analytical functions.

Prefrontal area, a processing area in frontal lobe, receives information from other association areas and uses this information to reason and plan our actions. Integration in this area accounts for our most cherished human abilities to think critically and to formulate appropriate behaviors.

Broca’s area is, associated with speech, a processing area in left frontal lobe. Signals originating here pass to premotor area before reaching primary motor area.

Wernicke’s area, also called general interpretive area, receives information from all other sensory association areas.

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