Cathode Ray Tube Animation

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Let us learn about the cathode ray tube animation. The discovery of the electrons was a landmark in physics and led to great technological advances. The negative of the supply is joined to the filament which is also called the cathode. Connected to the positive filament is the anode. This experiment can be explained in the animation figure.
Cathode Ray Tube Animation:

Let us see about the cathode ray tube animation which is explained in the figure. An electron beam entering the field at right angles to the field experience a force due to the motor effect, whose direction is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

cathode ray tube animation

The electron beam can be deflected by a electric field. If a charge is evenly spread over the plates, a uniform electric field is created between them and is represented by parallel, equally spaced lines, the arrows indicate the direction in which a positive charge would move in cathode ray tube.
Actions of Cathode Ray Tube Animation:

Beams of electrons moving at high speed are called cathode rays. Cathode ray's properties can be studied using the ‘Maltese ...
... cross tube’. Electrons emitted by the hot cathode are accelerated towards the anode but most pass through the hole in it and travel on along the tube. Those that miss the cross cause the screen animation to fluoresce with green or blue light and cast a shadow animation of the cross on it. The cathode rays evidently travel in straight lines.

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If the N pole of a magnet is brought up to the neck of the tube, the rays and the fluorescent shadow can be shown to move upwards. They rays are clearly deflected by a magnetic field and using Fleming’s left –hand rule. We see that they behave like conventional current (positive charge flow) travelling from anode to cathode.

This animation shows that their is also an optical shadow of the cross, due to light emitted by the cathode. This is unaffected by the magnet.

A PN junction diode consists of a PN junction, formed either in germanium or silicon crystal. The diode has two terminals namely anode and cathode. The anode refers to the P-type region and cathode refers to the N-type region as shown in the figure drawn below. Its circuit symbol is also shown in the figure. The arrow head, shown in the circuit symbol, points the direction of current flow, when it is forward biased. It may be noted that it is same direction in which the movement of holes takes place.

diode anode cathode
Description of Diode

As a matter of fact, the P-type and N-type semiconductors, taken separately, are of little use in actual practice. If a piece of P-type semiconductor is joined with a piece of N-type semiconductor such that the crystal structure remains continuous at the boundary, a PN junction is formed. Such a PN junction forms a very useful device and is called a semiconductor diode, PN junction diode or simply a crystal diode. It will be interesting to know that a PN junction cannot be formed by simply joining or welding the two pieces together, because it would produce a discontinuous crystal structure. Special fabrication techniques are used to prepare PN junctions.
Property which Makes a Pn Junction Unique

The property which makes a PN junction unique is that, a PN junction conducts current easily when forward biased and practically no current flows when it is reverse biased. Forward biased means anode terminal of diode is connected to positive terminal of battery and cathode terminal is connected to negative terminal of battery, diode acts like a closed switch under this condition or in other words, it conducts current. While in reverse biasing arrangement anode of diode is connected to negative terminal of battery and cathode is connected to the positive terminal of battery, diode acts like an open switch or no current is flow through the diode. This unilateral conduction characteristic of PN junction is similar to that of a vacuum diode. Therefore, like a vacuum diode, a semiconductor diode can also accomplish the job of rectification i.e. change alternating to direct current.

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