Respiratory Tract Infections

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Any infection of the throat, sinuses, airways or lungs is termed as a ‘respiratory tract infections’ (RTIs). Bacteria exist everywhere, inside and on the body. They have the power to divide, so they multiply by themselves. Infection can be spread through direct or indirect contact. RTIs are divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.

Common upper RTIs include:
- the common cold;
- influenza (flu);
- tonsillitis (infection at the back of the throat);
- laryngitis (infection of the voicebox or larynx);
- sinusitis (infection of the sinuses).

The most common symptom of RTI is a cold. The symptoms include headaches, a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing and muscle aches, and sore throat.

Common lower RTIs include:
- influenza (can affect either the lower or the upper respiratory tract);
- pneumonia (infection of the lungs);
- bronchitis (infection of the airways);
- bronchiolitis (the disease of the airways affects children younger than 2);
- tuberculosis (bacterial infection of the lungs). ...
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The main symptom of a lower respiratory tract infection is also a cold. In this case a cold is usually more severe, so a patient may bring up mucus and phlegm. Other possible symptoms are an increased rate of breathing, tight feeling in the chest, breathlessness and wheezing.

When you should see the GP?
It is important to visit your GP if:
- you are feeling very unwell;
- you have cystic fibrosis;
- you are coughing up bloody phlegm and mucus (the symptoms of pneumonia);
- you have a pre-existing lung, heart, liver or kidney condition;
- you have a multiple sclerosis or other conditions that affect your nervous system;
- your immune system is weaken;
- you have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a worsening chronic lung condition).

It is recommended to visit a GP immediately if you have at least 2 of the factors listed below and you are 65 or over. If you have 1 of the factors listed below and you are 80 or over, you should visit a doctor as well.
- you have diabetes of type 1 or type 2
- you are taking steroid medications
- you have a history of heart diseases
- you have been admitted to hospital for several times during the past year

Most respiratory tract infection will pass without treatment. You can treat the symptoms of RTIs by drinking plenty of fluids, taking painkillers and antibiotics (e. g. Zithromax). The symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection usually pass within 1 – 2 weeks.

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