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New Technology File System (NTFS) A secure, transaction-oriented file system developed for Windows NT and used by Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003. NTFS offers features such as local security on files and folders, data compression, disk ccna exam answers quotas, and data encryption.

NTFS permissions Permissions used to control access to NTFS folders and files. Access is configured by allowing or denying NTFS permissions to users and groups.

offline files and folders A Windows Vista feature that allows network folders and files to be stored on Windows Vista clients. Users can access network files even if the network location is not available.

On-Screen Keyboard A utility that displays a keyboard on the screen and allows users to enter keyboard input by using a mouse or other input device.

optimization Any effort to reduce the workload on a hardware component by eliminating, obviating, or reducing the amount of work required of the hardware component through any means. For instance, file caching is an optimization that reduces the workload of ...
... a hard disk drive by reducing the number of requests sent to the hard disk drive.

organizational unit (OU) In Active Directory, an organizational unit is a generic folder used to create a collection of objects. An OU can represent a department, division, location, or project group. Used to ease administration of AD objects and as a unit to which group policy can be deployed.

outbound rule A Windows Firewall rule that applies to network traffic sent from the computer. owner The user associated with an NTFS file or folder who is able to control access and grant permissions to other users. pagefile Logical memory that exists on the hard drive. If a system is experiencing excessive paging (swapping between the pagefile and physical RAM), it needs more memory. PAP See Password Authentication Protocol.

Parental Controls A security feature of Windows Vista that allows you to control and mon- itor the ccnp exam websites that your children visit.

partition A section of a hard disk that can contain an independent file system volume. Par- titions can be used to keep multiple operating systems and file systems on the same hard disk. Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) A remote access authentication protocol. It is the simplest authentication method. It uses unencrypted, plain-text passwords. You would use PAP if the server you were connecting to didn’t support secure validations or you were trouble- shooting remote access and wanted to use the most basic authentication option.

password policies Windows Vista policies used to enforce security requirements on the computer. Password policies are set on a per-computer basis, and they cannot be configured for specific users. Password policies are set through account policies. PB See petabyte.