History Of The Concept Of Plants

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In biology , the family unit is a systematic and taxonomic category placed between order and genus , or between superfamily and subfamily if they were described.
As with other levels (categories) in the taxonomy of living things , and because of the enormous difficulty of classifying certain species , family can be grouped into superfamilies , and individuals of a family can be organized into subfamilies ( and these in turn infrafamilias ).
The family is the most important taxonomic category after the genus and species. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the "Code of Nomenclature" (manual governing biological nomenclature).

The name of a family is constituted by a radical and an ending. To name a taxon family used the radical corresponds to the genitive of the name of gender type of the family, not the most representative (in number of species or popularity of the name). Thus, the genus Homo , whose genitive is hominis , which radically Homin- , is derived the name of the family Hominidae , it is incorrect to form the family name from radical nominative ( Hom-o -> "Homidae" .)
For the ending, ...
... which is identifying the taxon to the rank of family, varies for different groups of organisms and the taxonomic level:
Superfamilies
In botany the ending America of the superfamily is -ACEA .
In zoology the Latin ending of the superfamily is -oidea and Castilian -oideos (always plural word) and Hominoidea , hominoids ).
Families
In botany the Latin ending of the family is -aceae , and Castilian -ACEAS (eg Asteraceae , Asteraceae ). For some important families are older than traditional names do not end well, but they are still quoting more or less often while the most recent names associated with a type genus. For example, Compositae (composite) is a synonym for what is now called Asteraceae better, other notable examples are the Gramineae (= Poaceae ), the Leguminosae (= Fabaceae ), the Umbelliferae (= Apiaceae ) or Guttiferae (= Hypericaceae ) .
In zoology the Latin ending of the family is -idae , and Castilian -gone (word always esdrújula and plural, as Felidae , Felidae ).
Subfamilies
In botany the Latin ending of the subfamily is -oideae (as Asteroideae , asteroids).
In zoology the Latin ending of the subfamily is -NAIS and Castilian -inos (plural word always flat, as Homininae , hominins ).

Family is a word from the Latin (plural: familiae ) it supplies for use in the scientific naming of organisms.
The concept of family as the taxonomic category is a relatively recent invention. In botany , the term 'family' was coined by the French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae per fables disponuntur plantarum 1689. There, he named as families (familiae) to 76 groups of plants recognized in its tables. The category concept at that time was still in its infancy, so the preface to the Prodromus talks to join their families in larger genera, which is far from the current use of the term.
Linnaeus used the word "family" in his Philosophia botanica (1751) to refer to larger groups of plants: trees , plants , ferns , palms , etc.. He used this term only in the morphological section of the book, discussing the plant organs. Subsequently, in French publications on botany, from Michel Adanson ( Familles plants naturelles , 1763) until the end of the nineteenth century, the French word famille was used as an equivalent of the Latin word ordo . It should be noted that ordo , in nineteenth-century works as Prodromus of de Candolle and the Genera Plantarum of Bentham & Hooker, was used to that now occupies the rank of family.
For zoology , family is also an intermediate category between order and gender, and it was presented by Pierre André Latreille in his Precis des des caractères génériques insectes, dans un ordre naturel disposés 1796. He used families (part of them unnamed) in some but not all orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods).
However, from the twentieth century, the term has been consistently used in the modern sense. Its use and endings features the names of the taxa in this category are defined in the International Codes of Zoological and Botanical Nomenclature .

According to Raunkiaer system in this category include all herbaceous perennials or woody plants ( trees , shrubs , reeds or large herbs) replacement whose buds are on stems above the 2-5 dm ground level or starting stem in creeping forms. For its size can distinguish the following biotypes:

Nanofanerófitos ( 50 m) Sequoiadendron giganteum

In Botany , the felodermis is a tissue that is found in the bark of woody plants, integrating the periderm , and formed from a secondary meristem called the phellogen . The felodermis consists of living cells, parenchyma , which are distinguished from the cortical parenchyma by their position in the same radial rows in which cells are cork . Generally consists of a single layer of cells (eg, lime, Tilia ) or a few (two in the case of Pelargonium and Prunus ), but in some families, for example in cucurbits , is composed of many layers of cells. Felodermis exceptionally may be formed by collenchyma ( Pachycormus ) ; in Pinus palustris stored starch and Libocedrus comprises sclerenchyma .

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