Specifications Of Cctv Camera

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CCTV cameras are being installed everywhere for crime prevention and detection. They are now available at quite affordable price, are easy to install, and require low-maintenance. There are many types of technologically advanced CCTV cameras that offer fitting surveillance solutions. Depending upon your requirement, you can select one. This article discusses types of CCTV cameras and their features and uses.CCTV systems have become extremely popular over the last few decades as the technology has improved and become more affordable. The majority of CCTV cameras in use today are usually for surveillance and security purposes. CCTV systems can be found in almost every bank, casino, mall, and large department store. In fact, CCTV systems have become so affordable, most smaller mom and pop stores also have CCTV systems in them for security purposes.

Despite the tendency within the criminological literature to discuss CCTV as if it were a
single measure, CCTV systems can differ quite markedly. Cameras can be:

* static (focusing on a single view)
* able to pan, tilt and zoom (moved by operators or placed ...
... on ‘tours’ tosurvey a succession of scenes)
* fixed (permanently installed in one location)
* redeployable (moved around power points within an area)
* mobile (placed in vehicles and transported to where they are needed)CCTV or Closed Circuit Television refers to a visible or covert video system intended for only a limited number of viewers. CCTV video surveillance is a cost effective and reliable technology that can be tailored to fit a variety of indoor and outdoor applications.

Resolution depends upon the number of pixels (picture elements) in the CCD chip. If a camera manufacturer can put in more number of pixels in the same size CCD chip, that camera will have more resolution. In other words the resolution is directly proportional to the number of pixels in the CCD chip.
In some data sheets, two type of resolution, vertical and horizontal are indicated.

Vertical Resolution
Vertical resolution = no. of horizontal lines
Vertical Resolution is limited by the number of horizontal scanning lines. In PAL it is 625 lines and in NTSC it is 525 lines. Using the Kell or aspect ratio factor the maximum vertical resolution is .7 of the number of horizontal scanning lines. Using this the maximum vertical resolution is
For PAL 625 X .75 = 470 lines
For NTSC 525 X .7 = 393 lines
Vertical resolution is not critical as most camera manufacturers achieve this figure.

Horizontal Resolution
Horizontal resolution = no. of vertical lines
Theoretically horizontal resolution can be increased infinitely, but the following two factors limit this
It may not be technological possible to increase the number of pixels in a chip.
As the number of pixels increase in the chip, the pixel size reduces which affects the sensitivity. There is a tradeoff between resolution and sensitivity.
If only one resolution is shown in the data sheet, it usually is the horizontal resolution.

Sensitivity measured in foot-candles or lux indicates the minimum light level required to obtain an acceptable video picture. Depending upon the iris opening of the camera a certain portion of the light falls on the CCD chip. This light then generates a charge, which is converted into a voltage. The following variables should be shown in the data sheet while indicating the minimum scene illumination.
Reflectance
F Stop
Usable Video
AGC
Shutter speed

CCTV of the most important specifications. The higher the resolution number, the sharper the image will be. Entry level camera resolution is 330 lines, high resolution cameras producing better than 400 lines.Light levels are measured in Lux. The lower the number, the less light it will take to reproduce a clear image.AGC stands for Automatic Gain Control. As the light level reduces the AGC switches on and the video signal gets a boost. Unfortunately, the noise present also gets a boost. However when the light levels are high, the AGC switches off automatically, because the boost could overload the pixels causing vertical streaking etc.

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