Flame Resistant Fibres And Fabrics

By Author: Bharat Book Bureau
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Flame resistant fibres and fabrics
Flame resistant fibres and fabrics are used in the manufacture of industrial workwear, firefighters' apparel and professional motor racing apparel to protect the wearer against fires, electrical arcs and molten metal splashes.
The introduction of tough legislation regarding the provision of flame resistant apparel, and the growing use of such apparel, has contributed to a drop in the number of fire-related injuries and fatalities in recent decades. Fire departments which issue high-tech turnout gear to their employees have seen a decline in the number of burn injuries. In some cases the decline has been dramatic. Similarly, the number of fatalities in professional motor racing has fallen sharply since the 1960s when it became compulsory for drivers to wear flame resistant garments.
Stricter regulations regarding fire safety and changes in market requirements have spurred the development of new fibres, treatments and fabrics. These new products have joined established names such as DuPont's Nomex; Indura, made by Westex; Kermel; and Proban, which is produced by Rhodia.
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... In fire resistance applications, asbestos fibre and glass fibre have been replaced by high-tech protective fabrics which are comfortable and which fulfill stringent performance criteria. Multi-functional fabrics have become increasingly available. These combine flame resistance with other protective characteristics such as chemical resistance, anti-static properties and high visibility.
New generations of flame retardant treated (FRT) cotton offer improved durability, low shrinkage, better colourfastness and easy care characteristics. Such materials have stimulated overall demand in the market. They have also paved the way to new application areas for FRT cotton such as underwear, T-shirts and swea
Table of Contents
Summary
Introduction
Flammability of fibres and fabrics
Factors affecting the flammability of apparel
Fabric construction
Surface texture
Garment design
Presence of contaminants
Flame resistance
Measurement of flame resistance
Flame retardants
Flammability standards and regulations
Test methods for flame resistant apparel
Applications of flame resistant fabrics in performance apparel
Industrial workwear
Firefighters' apparel
Professional racing apparel
Key producers of flame resistant fibres and fabrics and their products
DuPont: Nomex
Kermel: Kermel
Westex: Indura
Kaneka Corporation: Protex
Basofil Fibers: Basofil
Celanese: PBI
Gun-ei Chemical Industry: Kynol
Montefibre: Fidion FR
Rhodia: Proban
Outlook
List of tables
Table 1: Flammability of natural and man-made fibres
Table 2: Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of natural and man-made fibres
Table 3: USA: Flammable Fabrics Act: classes of fabric flammability
Table 4: EU standards for flame protective clothing
Table 5: Nomex: applications and level of protection
Table 6: Physical properties of Kermel fibre
Table 7: Kermel: fabric and apparel range, 2003
Table 8: Physical properties of Protex
Table 9: Properties of Protex blend fabrics
Table 10: Properties of Basofil
Table 11: Properties of Kynol fibres
Table 12: Physical properties of Fidion FR
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