Jinchuan Nickel-copper Concentrate Down The Progress Of Magnesium Research And Practice

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Jinchuan ore are serpentine polymetallic sulfide ore. To solve the problem of flotation concentrates magnesium lower, many experts and scholars for a long-term study, floating in the grinding process, flotation acid, magnesium reduction Pharmacy has made some progress.

Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Corporation is China's largest nickel producer, nickel produced the country's total output of more than 80%. The ore is a polymetallic sulfide ore serpentine. There are four mines, a mining accounted for 16.36% of nickel reserves, the mining operation from the mid-1960s, are still 100 million tons annual output. The mining of iron ore to sponge-like crystal structure, followed by the semi-crystalline iron sponge-like, mottled-like structure. Main metal minerals: pyrite, purple sulfur nickel-iron, a small amount of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, pentlandite, marcasite, chalcopyrite sulfide ink; this ore after beneficiation, the production of concentrates As the MgO content is high, concentrate has been as a raw material for mineral hot furnace. Two largest mines, accounting for 75.39% of nickel reserves, and second, there are 351 ...
... mining ore, Nickel ore body No. 1 mine reserves accounted for 57.8% of four ore accounted for 17.08% .2 number, only the sum of the remaining ore 0.51 349 %. The mining of ore from 1983, has been a mixture of 1,2-ore mine ore mine No. 2 of 1996 decreased to 25% in 1997, a mine capacity of ore body No. 2 disappeared. Now, two years out of mine for more than 3 million tons ore. Two rich mines of iron ore to sponge-like crystal structure, poor disseminated ore is constructed. Main metallic minerals are: pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, cubanite, Mexico copper, nickel-iron-sulfur purple, Ma Jinuo ore, magnetite, chrome spinel other; main gangue minerals are olivine, serpentine, pyroxene, tremolite, carbonate, talc, chlorite, mica, etc. Pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite particles was uneven thickness embedded fabric, and each other tight symbiosis. An alteration of serpentinized mine ore mine ore is greater than two, and two ore mine on the 1st level and altered ore than 2 orebody ore [1-3].

For a long time, flotation concentrates magnesium is a problem down, especially since the flash furnace operation has become more serious. Flash smelting technology advanced, more than 25% of electric energy, the flue gas SO, concentration of high easy-to-acid; the same time, there is still a flash furnace and the furnace large capacity, environmental pollution, etc., but the quality of the concentrate requirements are also higher. Concentrate MgO content must be less than 6.5% [4]. This. Many domestic universities, research institutes and field engineers and technicians made a lot of work and made a lot of progress. Due to a very serious serpentinized ore mining, minerals and nickel-nickel-iron-sulfur purple mainly, to concentrate, such as MgO content drops below 6.5%, the recovery of nickel will drop substantially, which for more nickel resources poor country is unrealistic, so. A mining ore by flotation, the concentrate is still hot furnace for smelting ore. In recent years, mainly for two magnesium drop ore mine ore.

First, the grinding process of testing and research floating

Grinding process through a number of units of floating long-term research. That a combination of Jinchuan ore characteristics. Floating stage grinding process using a higher concentration of grinding a flotation process as well [5-10]. In this way, coarse grade nickel sulfide minerals, sulfide copper minerals can be recovered in advance to prevent excessive wear caused by slime covers, etc. affect the recovery of this mineral.

(A)) flash flotation

Flash flotation is the recent rapid development of a rapid recovery of useful minerals of coarser flotation technique, which grinding circuit in the middle, the ball mill grinding into pulp after cyclone classification, grit into the flash flotation machines, flotation ore embedded in coarse particle size distribution, good floatability of metal minerals, to achieve early to collect more revenue, flash flotation mill tailings return. The significant advantage is to reduce excessive wear caused by sludge metal cover which can improve the recovery rate, and reduce the grinding circuit of the load cycle [11]. Jinchuan Corporation in 1997 a flash flotation of industrial test, and achieved good results [12], nickel, copper, respectively, compared with total recovery without flash flotation machine increased 1.32% and 0.75%. Output for flash flotation concentrate coarse-grained machine, so concentrate-0.074mm grain content than non-open flash flotation machine 32% lower, and thus make the concentrate dewatering costs. But Flash can only play as soon as possible flotation recovery of coarse-grained monomer dissociation has minerals, useful minerals after grinding to reduce the loss of role, and does not significantly improve the quality of concentrates [12]. Because Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide ore particle size distribution of useful minerals embedded in uneven thickness, fine-grained level must also be part of the recovery of useful minerals. The fine-grained level part must be re-grinding to achieve the useful minerals and gangue minerals monomer dissociation, but this time, due to alteration of serpentine mud slurry caused the fragile phenomenon is difficult to avoid, in order to recover this part of the fine fractions useful minerals, together with some serpentine will inevitably go up and into the concentrate; Therefore, in order to improve the nickel, copper ore recovery would be difficult to significantly improve the final flotation concentrate Ni, cu grade and a significant reduction in MgO content. Industrial practice shows that the mineral recovery and concentrate Ni, cu grade and MgO content is closely related to 1% of the concentrate to reduce the MgO content. Recovery rate of loss of 1.5% Ni or more.

(B) the floating stage grinding process crude concentrate regrinding

Mining the rich ore for two, many units have been selected for one or two grinding mill a coarse concentrate regrinding two election process, small pilot studies and industrial tests have achieved good sorting indicators. Of nickel in concentrate grade to ensure> 7%, nickel ore recovery> 88% of the premise. MgO content in the concentrate can be reduced to below 6.5% [6-10,13,14]. Ore mining was also carried out for a two grinding coarse concentrate regrinding two selected pilot study process [3,15,16], also made a good sorting indicators. Crude concentrate regrinding process, the thick crude elected selected is actually useful to concentrate minerals with the living body, so that we can greatly reduce the wear caused due to excessive mud on the flotation of the mineral serpentine effect, thereby improving the quality of the final concentrate. However, crude concentrate after regrinding must be qualified in order to select the final concentrate. This will not only result in the entire process of equipment, high energy consumption, and small particle size leading to the final concentrate. Difficulties caused by dehydration concentrates, filter press, after more than 13% moisture content, flash blast furnace air drying of difficult to deal with such a high moisture ore, so far. Crude concentrate regrinding process has not been used for industrial production [2].

(C) the two product solutions

Jinchuan nickel-copper mine because of two stone in pyrrhotite are more limited grade nickel concentrate to further improve (the premise of ensuring the recovery of nickel) and MgO content of the concentrate further reduced. Some scholars believe that the dressing, mix concentrate isolated only from a low-nickel pyrrhotite concentrate in order to obtain higher nickel grades, lower MgO content of the nickel-copper concentrate. Two products for this program have been carried out experimental research process [17]. The results show that, in the natural pH conditions, using relatively simple processes to obtain two final concentrate - magnetic nickel-copper concentrate and pyrite concentrates. Nickel in nickel-copper concentrate grade of 11% or more. MgO content drops below 5%, nickel recovery rate of 80% or more; magnetic pyrite concentrate grade of about 1% Ni, MgO content of 11% or more. About l0% Ni recovery. Compared with a product solution, nickel copper concentrate a substantial increase in the nickel grade, MgO content decreased significantly, and the total recovery of nickel increased; but has yet to find cost-effective magnetite iron ore processing methods. Therefore, the two products program has not yet applied in the production practice. Some people [5] has also proposed appropriate allocation of concentrate to two nickel-copper concentrate output, low magnesium high flash furnace for smelting of nickel concentrate. Low-power high-magnesium furnace smelting of nickel concentrate. But the process, the complexity of pharmaceutical systems. And the total recovery rate for nickel is not, and thus not used in the production practice.

Second, the acid flotation

Flotation medium is an important factor affecting flotation, many units have been acidic, neutral and alkaline media, the contrast flotation conditions, the results show that the nickel-copper flotation recovery of the acid medium the highest index, alkali medium of the second, the lowest neutral medium [18]. Acid flotation of the main features are: in the acidic medium, the secondary nickel sulfide minerals - purple sulfur oxidation of nickel-iron alteration in the process of formation of iron hydroxide surface film can be dissolved to make nickel-iron-sulfur purple be activated; the same time, pentlandite, pyrrhotite containing nickel mineral surface can be cleaned in time to prevent the surface oxidation, thus enhancing their floatability; Jinchuan Nickel recovery of copper in copper ore nickel than recovery rate is low, mainly due to one of the low floatability of copper ink, and ink floatability of copper was mainly due to low copper ink in the brucite layer of copper and iron sulfide layer than the soft, mill Copper is easy when the Mexican mineral brucite layer along the fracture and a hydrophilic, soluble in acid medium to the surface of the copper ink brucite layer, thereby exposing the surface of copper and iron sulphide flotation of copper may activate the ink; cobalt ore, gold, silver and platinum group elements such as copper and nickel may also increase the amount of mineral surfaced to improve their recovery rate [19]. However, due to Jinchuan ore is a type of ultramafic rock ore, severe alteration, ore itself is alkaline; Jinchuan mine and fill mining method using cement, so that more or less mixed with mineral filling material, rather than filling material alkaline strong planing; acid flotation so much acid consumption and acid corrosion of equipment by adding lead. Thus, despite the better indicators of acid flotation, yet practical application in the production, processing plant has been used in natural pH medium (pH = 8,5 ~ 9.5) under the conditions of flotation.

Third, the lower Mg Pharmacy

In order to solve the problem of magnesium ore drop, and Jinchuan's many colleges and universities, research institutes for many years research on a variety of process conditions and system testing of pharmaceutical research has made significant progress. Most researchers generally agreed that [3,6,8,18], CMC, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium silicate can effectively suppress the serpentine gangue minerals magnesium-based, small-scale test indicators are good, but in industrial production due to various factors, magnesium reduction measures are difficult to achieve.

It was reported [21], combined with a good inhibitor of EP inhibition of serpentine, a single ore mineral testing and actual tests achieved good results.

Northwest Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Magnesium suppression for a large number of new pharmaceutical research. JCD drugs which lower magnesium, and salts from the T-1140 29 0 # # organic polymer and a combination of the three neutral oil. Of pentlandite and pyrrhotite containing nickel, which are activation; 29 # Pharmacy is the inhibitor of calcium and magnesium, serpentine with the T-1140 对 strong inhibition; 0 # oil for the T-1140 and 29 # pharmaceutical auxiliary agents, from the elimination stick, adjusting foam and magnesium to help reduce the role of [9]. JCD new pharmaceutical completed in March 1992, small-scale test, completed in June the same year, industrial test [14]. Test indicators in Table 1 [9]. Site still in use, is the most successful industrial practice of suppressing magnesium pharmaceutical composition. But industrial production is also found that due to instability of pharmaceutical properties, the nature of the ore concentrate of causes fluctuations in the volatile content of MgO.

Electrochemical flotation beneficiation technology is the forefront of the current flotation process, if successfully applied in production practice, can better address the complex nature of the material selected for the low efficiency of the problems caused by mineral processing. "95" period, some units have been carried out potential control flotation studies, the main contents include: optimization of the flotation process; electronically controlled automatic detection of the flotation process parameters; computer on-line control. Ideal laboratory test results, Ni recovery was more than 90% under the premise of concentrate of MgO content of less than 6.5% u quoted. However, on-site industrial test failed.

Jinchuan ore body delineated by the industrial level, nickel 0.3% to 0.99% for the lean ore, nickel-containing ≥ 1% for the high-grade ore, still "mining the rich to stay poor." But there are more than 100 tons of nickel ore into metal hidden in the poor coverage in high-grade ore body at the top, in order to reduce mining costs and expand the availability of nickel resources, development and utilization of lean ore is imperative. However, the nature of poverty is different from the bonanza ore, lean ore ore Ni (0.55%), Cu (0.35%) grade less than a high-grade ore (Nil.6%, Cu0, 83%) of the half, lean ore MgO content (28%) than high-grade ore (22 percent). Lean ore beneficiation is more difficult than high-grade ore, and many units were lean ore beneficiation process of "95" science and technology research, has made great progress, however, the MgO content in the concentrate to ensure that less than 7% under the conditions, nickel recovery only about 75% lead. To further enhance the recovery of nickel, it is difficult to guarantee concentrate MgO content less than 7%.