The Zip Code Debate

By Author: Norris Rios
Total Articles: 572
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To understand the issues, let's start with a quick tour of ZIP codes. They are used by the US Postal Service to sort the mail faster. Once sorted, bundles of mail are delivered by staff who know the ground. This plan was not devised to help set insurance rates. Indeed, when you look at the boundaries on a map, you see how arbitrary they are, often lumping completely different groups of people together regardless of social class or property value. Basing the calculation of premium rates can therefore look unfair in urban areas where, on one street all vehicles can be parked off the road in locked garages overnight whereas, round the corner, the quality of the neighborhood just changed for the worse and crime affecting vehicles parked on the roads is rampant. Imagine how people who have lived on that second street feel. They have been paying their premiums for years and now must suddenly pay more because they have no choice but to stay - sadly, with the collapse of the housing market, it's no longer easy to sell and move to a "better" area. In other words, basing the premium rate on the address rather than the safety record of ...
... the driver looks unfair.

Let's now move over to Milwaukee where State Senator Tim Carpenter has introduced State Bill 289 to prohibit insurers from relying on ZIP codes to set premium rates. This is yet another attempt to repeat the success in California where, in 2008, John Garamendi, the Commissioner for Insurance, finally pushed through the regulations to reduce the insurers' reliance on ZIP codes. Note the regulations do not outlaw the practice. The Californian insurers can still use the ZIP codes as one of the factors when setting the rates. But the codes can no longer be one of the "main" factors. Why not outlaw it altogether?

The answer depends on the difference between the insurance policies. Liability cover pays out to any third parties we may injure through our bad driving. This can be and, for the most part, is based on our individual safety record as drivers. Where we live is never going to be terribly relevant to where we drive once the vehicle is in motion. The problem comes with collision and comprehensive cover. Both types pay out to you if your vehicle is damaged in a collision, by a vandal or by a tornado. Where you park your vehicle must therefore be an important factor in deciding the risk you might get hit. Similarly, the local crime rate when it comes to vandalism is as relevant as whether you live in an area frequently hit by tornadoes, floods, landslides, etc.

So, comparing these different policies, you might find cheap car insurance if all you want is the minimum liability cover. Where you live is always going to be less important. But when you move on to collision or comprehensive cover, where you live become far more important. For this reason, Tim Carpenter's bill is going to struggle in Wisconsin. Although the insurers there are exaggerating when they say this bill will mark the end of cheap car insurance, only a compromise between the state and the insurers will produce a fair outcome.