Iugr- Intrauterine Growth Retardation

By Author: Ibrahim Machiwala
Total Articles: 396
Comment this article

Definition:
A fetus whose estimated weight is below the 10th percentile for its
gestational age and whose abdominal circumference is below the 2.5th percentile.
At term, the cutoff birth weight for IUGR is 2,500 g (5 lb, 8 oz).

» COLLEEN M. KENNEDY, M.D.,
and STEPHEN K. HUNTER, M.D., PH.D.
» University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa

Neonatal Classification:

Small for gestation age (< 10th percentile)
Appropriate for gestation age
( 10th - 90th percentile)
Large for gestation age ( > 90th percentile)

Value of Diagnosing IUGR:

15-fold increased risk of still birth
Increased risk of cesarean section for fetal distress, increased risk of neonatal resuscitation
Increased risk of respiratory distress, intra- ventricular hemorrhage and neonatal mortality
Impaired neurodevelopment at later life.

Types of IUGR:

Symmetrical: (IMPAIRED INTRAUTERINE GROWTH POTENTIAL OF FETUS). CHROMOSOMAL DEFECTS , VIRAL INFECTIONS.

Asymmetrical: UTERO-PLACENTAL INSUFFECIENCY.

Factors Responsible for IUGR:

Fetal Factors:
Infection
Heart disease
Chromosomal Malformations
Osteogenesis imperfecta

Maternal Factors:
Cardio-respiratory disease
Renal disease
Acidosis
Anemia/ fever
Drugs & Alcohol
Smoking

Uterine Factors:
Reduced uteroplacental flow
Arteriosclerosis
Connective tissue disorders
Ch HTN
Pre eclampsia
Diabetes
Fibromyoma

Placental Factors:
Placenta previa
Thrombosis/ infarction
Deciduitis
Placentitis/ vasculitis
Chorioamnionitis
Placental cysts/ chorioangioma