The Role Of Laboratories

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Science courses and the laboratories associated with them should cultivate the ability of students to think independently. They should provide students with exposure to realistic scientific questions and highlight those aspects that are inherently interdisciplinary. They can also provide opportunities for students to learn to work cooperatively in groups. The committee recommends that project-based laboratories with discovery components replace traditional scripted "cookbook" laboratories to develop the capacity of students to tackle increasingly challenging projects with greater independence.

Laboratories can illustrate and build on the concepts covered in the classroom. Once students have time to examine the specimens, materials, and equipment described in class, they will be better prepared to carry out experiments. The purpose of restructuring the emphasis of the teaching laboratory is to stimulate student interest and participation. Project-based laboratories are also choice arenas for developing the scientific writing, speaking, and presentation skills of students.

Interdisciplinary laboratories are a promising ...
... means of strengthening the physical science and quantitative background of life science majors and of introducing biology to uncommitted students or those majoring in other fields. Harvey Mudd College has developed an introductory laboratory course consisting of three-week interdisciplinary experiments that are open and highly investigative. The goal of the laboratory course, called ID Lab, is to help students understand the research approach in science and the natural relationship between biology and other scientific disciplines. Case Study illustrates one way to strengthen undergraduate education by making learning a highly active experience from the first day of college. The other case studies and examples presented here are project-based laboratories that can engage students and cultivate independent learning. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather an array of examples that illustrate what can be done, and what is now being done, at institutions nationwide.

The physics laboratory can be used to introduce new concepts, in addition to its traditional use of reinforcing concepts already presented in lecture. Some concepts are best learned through laboratory exploration, such as error analysis, uncertainty, fluctuations, and noise. Furthermore, examples drawn from biology can be introduced in the section on Newtonian and macroscopic mechanics, as well as in other areas. Properties of materials (e.g., bone, tendon, hair), biological fluid flows, and motions of bacteria or microbe in water provide excellent opportunities. The laboratory is also a choice arena to teach principles of engineering as they apply to biology.

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