Are Dental X-rays Safe? Risks, Benefits & Radiation

By Author: Dr Amit
Total Articles: 31
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How Dental X-Rays Work
A dental X-ray sends a very small burst of radiation through your jaw, and a sensor or piece of film on the other side records what the beam passes through. Dense material such as tooth enamel and bone blocks more of the beam, so it shows up light on the image, while soft tissue and any decay or infection block less of it and show up darker. This is how your dentist can see between your teeth, underneath fillings, and inside the jawbone, none of which is visible during a regular visual check-up.

Digital vs. Film X-Rays
Most Australian dental practices now use digital sensors rather than the older film-based system, and the difference matters for both comfort and safety.

Radiation dose: digital sensors need a much smaller amount of radiation to produce a clear image than traditional film does.
Speed: the image appears on screen within seconds rather than requiring chemical development.
Storage and sharing: digital images are easier to store securely and easier to send to a specialist if you are referred on.
Detail: your dentist can zoom in on a digital image to ...
... check fine detail that is harder to see on film.
What the Radiation Dose Actually Looks Like
This is the part most people actually want to know, and it deserves real numbers rather than vague reassurance. The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency confirms that radiation exposure from dental imaging is very low level and unlikely to cause any health effects.

Radiation source Approximate dose What it means
Single bitewing X-ray (most common type) ~0.005 millisieverts A tiny fraction of your natural yearly exposure
Full set of X-rays (whole mouth) Still a small dose Low compared with the yearly background figure
Standard chest X-ray Noticeably higher than a dental X-ray Used for a different diagnostic purpose
Natural background radiation ~3 millisieverts per year What your body absorbs simply from living on Earth
Figures for dental and background radiation are based on data published by the American Dental Association.

Once you see that a bitewing X-ray sits at a tiny fraction of a millisievert, and that your body absorbs several millisieverts every year regardless of whether you ever set foot in a dental clinic, the scale of the exposure becomes much easier to understand.

Why Dentists Actually Order X-Rays
X-rays are not routine for the sake of it, and a good dentist only orders them when the image will genuinely change how your treatment is planned.

Decay Between TeethDecay that forms between two teeth is one of the clearest examples, because it can grow for months or years without causing any visible sign or discomfort, and by the time you feel pain, the decay has often reached the nerve. An X-ray catches this early, while the fix is still small and affordable.
Bone LossBone loss around the roots of your teeth is another problem that is almost impossible to see or feel in its early stages, yet it is one of the clearest warning signs of gum disease. X-rays let your dentist track the height and density of the bone over time, which means treatment can begin before you lose the tooth.
Impacted TeethImpacted teeth, particularly wisdom teeth that never fully emerge through the gum, also need an X-ray to show their exact position and angle, since guessing at this without an image increases the risk of complications during removal.
Infections, Cysts, and AbscessesInfections and cysts hiding beneath the gum line, and abscesses that have not yet caused visible swelling, are picked up the same way, often well before you would otherwise notice anything was wrong.
Safety Measures Worth Knowing About
A properly run dental practice follows a principle known as ALARA, which stands for “as low as reasonably achievable,” meaning radiation is only used when it is genuinely needed and always at the lowest dose that still produces a useful image. In practice, this means:

Digital sensors used instead of film wherever possible
Lead aprons and thyroid collars offered for extra protection
X-rays taken only after a clinical reason has been identified, rather than as a routine box-ticking exercise
If your dentist cannot explain why a particular X-ray is needed, it is entirely reasonable to ask.

Who Needs to Take Extra Care
Pregnant patients: usually advised to delay non-urgent X-rays until after the birth. If an X-ray is genuinely necessary during pregnancy, a lead apron and careful shielding reduce the exposure to the abdomen to an extremely low level.
Young children: treated with extra caution, since their tissue is still developing. Dentists generally limit X-rays to situations where the information is needed to track tooth development or investigate a specific concern, rather than taking them as a matter of routine.
Patients with high past exposure: anyone who has had a large number of medical scans for unrelated health reasons, such as repeated CT scans, should mention this to their dentist, since your overall yearly exposure is something a good practice will factor into the decision.
How Often You Actually Need Them
There is no single rule that applies to everyone, and any dentist who gives you the same answer regardless of your dental history is not really assessing your individual situation.

Patient type Typical X-ray frequency Why
Healthy teeth, low risk Every 1–2 years Mouth is not changing quickly enough to justify more frequent imaging
History of cavities or gum disease More often, sometimes annually Higher risk of new problems, so early detection matters more
Children More frequent reviews Teeth and jaw are still developing, always at the lowest useful dose
Visit Dentist for Chickens for Safe, Modern Dental Imaging
If it’s been a while since your last check-up, or you’re simply wondering whether an X-ray is actually necessary this time, we’d rather explain the reasoning than just schedule one automatically. At Dentist for Chickens, every X-ray is taken for a specific clinical reason and at the lowest dose that still gives us a clear, useful image we follow the ALARA principle as standard practice, not as a marketing line.

Our team uses digital sensors rather than film, offers lead aprons and thyroid collars as a matter of course, and will always tell you why a particular X-ray is being recommended before we take it. Our team can talk you through what we’re looking for and what it means for your treatment plan. If you’re due for a check-up or have a concern you’d like looked at properly, book a consultation or call us on 02 4953 0016.

Frequently Asked Questions
Are dental X-rays completely safe?

No medical procedure involving radiation is entirely without risk, but the dose from a routine dental X-ray is extremely low, well below the threshold associated with any measurable harm, and a properly run practice will only use them when the benefit clearly outweighs that small exposure.

How much radiation am I actually exposed to?

A single bitewing X-ray delivers around 0.005 millisieverts, a small fraction of the roughly 3 millisieverts your body absorbs from natural background radiation over an average year.

Are digital X-rays actually safer than the old film ones?

Yes, digital sensors need noticeably less radiation to capture a usable image, and they also produce results instantly, which means fewer repeat exposures caused by unclear film images.

Do children really need dental X-rays?

Only when there is a specific reason, such as tracking how permanent teeth are developing or investigating a suspected cavity between teeth, and dentists deliberately limit the frequency in children to keep their lifetime exposure as low as possible.

The Bottom Line
Dental X-rays involve a genuinely small amount of radiation, and the value they add, catching decay, infection, and bone loss long before you would otherwise notice a problem, generally outweighs that small exposure for most patients. If you are ever unsure why an X-ray has been recommended, or whether it applies to your specific situation, it is entirely reasonable to ask your dentist to explain the clinical reason behind it before you go ahead.