Infertility On The Rise In India: Experts Highlight Lifestyle Risks

By Author: Apollo Fertility
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The Growing Burden of Infertility in India

Recent trends show that infertility is no longer a rare challenge. Estimates suggest that approximately 1 in 6 couples face difficulties in conceiving naturally. This rise is not limited to any particular age group — though older age remains a strong risk factor. What is particularly concerning is that more young adults are presenting with fertility issues that could be linked to lifestyle choices and environmental influences.

While underlying medical conditions certainly play a role, lifestyle-induced factors are gaining prominence. Here most impactful lifestyle risks and what you can do to mitigate them.

Delayed Parenthood and the Age Factor

One of the most significant contributors to infertility is delayed childbearing. Across urban India, many individuals choose to focus on careers, education, and financial stability before starting a family. While these decisions are understandable and often necessary, fertility — especially in women — declines with age. Egg quality and quantity reduce significantly after the age of 30, and this decline accelerates ...
... in the late 30s and early 40s.

In men, advanced age can also affect sperm quality, though generally to a lesser degree than in women. Early counseling and awareness can help align family planning goals with biological realities.

The Impact of Stress and Mental Health

In our fast-paced lives, chronic stress has become almost ubiquitous. Stress can disrupt hormonal balance, interfere with ovulation in women, and affect sperm production in men. Prolonged stress may also lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as poor diet, substance use, or disrupted sleep patterns — all of which further compromise reproductive health.

Mind-body connections are real. Incorporating stress management practices like yoga, meditation, or counseling can improve overall well-being and enhance fertility outcomes.

Unhealthy Diet and Weight Fluctuations

Dietary habits have shifted dramatically over the past few decades, with increased consumption of processed foods, sugar-rich diets, and unhealthy fats. Obesity and being underweight both pose risks to fertility.
In women, excess weight is associated with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can disrupt ovulation. In men, obesity can reduce testosterone levels and sperm quality. On the other hand, extreme weight loss or insufficient nutrition may also impair reproductive function.

A balanced diet, tailored to your needs, rich in whole foods, lean proteins, and essential nutrients can create a stronger foundation for reproductive health.

Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use

Smoking, tobacco chewing, and excessive alcohol consumption are known antagonists to fertility. Tobacco toxins affect egg quality and sperm parameters, impairing fertilization and embryo development. Alcohol can disrupt menstrual cycles, hormonal balance, and sperm production.
Even passive smoking — common in many Indian households — is harmful. For couples serious about conception, complete cessation of these substances can significantly improve fertility potential.

Environmental and Occupational Exposures

Modern lifestyles bring increased exposure to environmental pollutants, plastics, pesticides, and radiation from electronic devices. While individual exposure levels vary, prolonged contact to harmful chemicals — such as endocrine disruptors found in some plastics and pesticides — can impair reproductive hormones.

Occupational hazards in certain industries, such as heavy metals or industrial chemicals, may also contribute to reproductive issues. Awareness and protective measures are important, especially for individuals in high-risk environments.

The Importance of Early Evaluation

If you have been trying to conceive for six months to a year without success — depending on your age and health factors — it is advisable to seek a fertility evaluation. Early assessment can identify underlying concerns and guide targeted interventions that improve your chances of success.

Taking Charge of Your Fertility

Infertility is not inevitable, and many lifestyle factors are within your control. By adopting healthier habits, managing stress, maintaining optimal body weight, and avoiding harmful substances, you can significantly enhance your reproductive potential. At the same time, early medical consultation helps detect issues that lifestyle changes alone cannot resolve.

Parenthood is a deeply personal and cherished goal. Being informed, proactive, and willing to make positive changes can safeguard your chances of fulfilling that dream. If you have concerns about your fertility, speak with a qualified specialist who can guide you with evidence-based recommendations tailored to your unique needs.