Recommended Arra Metrics

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The stimulus program is designed to be quick-hitting. The opportunity for local government to deliver an extraordinary return on major public investment will arrive and pass quickly.

Although scholars and analysts will reflect on the effects of stimulus spending for years to come, judgments by pundits, policy leaders, and citizens will be rendered in real time. Complexity of measurement—both for data compilers and the recipients of measurement reports—would restrict its usefulness. Simplicity, while retaining data and message integrity, would be better.

Based on early evidence regarding programs and projects likely to be managed by local government, ...
... a concise set of performance measures was proposed in the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) white paper Measuring the Results of Economic Stimulus Investments: Local Government Leading the Way. Each measure outlined could be required of all local governments undertaking the specified types of project for which various measures are relevant. By aggregating these measures, federal officials and local government spokespersons will be able to make broader statements of impact. Some Examples:

1. Water Line Replacement

Many local governments will use ARRA funds to replace old and leaky water lines. Those local governments could be required to report the amount of line replaced and the percentage of line loss.

Line loss is the amount of water that seeps from water lines during transmission. It may be gauged roughly by comparing the volume of water that is treated to the volume of water sold to customers to see how much is lost in transmission. Replacement of a portion of a system's water lines will not necessarily cure a line loss problem; but if targeted at areas with the most badly deteriorated lines, it should reduce the problem overall. The reporting of line loss should begin with the quarter preceding water line replacement.

The aggregation of these measures across all cities and counties would permit spokespersons to report not only the number of miles of water lines replaced by all of the systems using funds for this purpose, but also the average percentage decline in line loss among local governments using funds for water line replacement.

Alternatively, local governments could report simply the gallons of water treated and the gallons of water sold for the quarter, leaving line loss calculations up to the federal recipients of the report. This approach would have the advantage of permitting the calculation of an aggregate estimate of water saved annually by local governments using ARRA funds for water line replacement.

2. Sewer Line Replacement or Rehabilitation

Local governments are also using ARRA funds to replace or rehabilitate old and leaky sewer lines that pose a threat to public health and the environment.

The governments doing so could be required to report 1) feet replaced or rehabbed, by age of sewer line replaced or rehabilitated sewer stoppages per 100 miles of sewer line and 2) percentage of inflow during rain events.

The reporting of statistics on sewer stoppages and inflow should begin with the quarter preceding sewer line replacement. When aggregated, these measures will permit spokespersons to report not only the number of miles of sewer lines replaced or rehabilitated and the percentage of new or rehabilitated lines replacing lines installed prior to a given decade by all of the systems using funds for this purpose, but also the average decline in the rate of sewer stoppages and the average decline of inflow among local governments using funds for sewer line replacement.

3. Housing

Any local governments that use ARRA funds for projects designed to bring housing into compliance with minimum standards could be required to report substandard housing units as a percentage of all housing units. The reporting of this measure should begin with the quarter preceding the ARRA-funded project. By aggregating this measure across all cities and counties, spokespersons will be able to report the average percentage upgrading of housing stock among local governments using ARRA funds to bring housing up to standard condition.

4. Energy Efficiency

A variety of ARRA projects will be directed toward achieving greater energy efficiency in public facilities, vehicles, and equipment. Local governments undertaking such projects could be required to report reduction (or increase) in energy consumption, when compared to same quarter of the year prior to initiating the ARRA project percentage of vehicles and heavy equipment using alternative fuel average fuel efficiency of all sedans in fleet average fuel efficiency of all pickups in fleet.

The reporting format should accommodate various energy units (gallons of gasoline, kilowatt-hours of electricity, and so forth) and should require the local government to indicate whether the reported reduction is confirmed; anticipated but not yet confirmed; or estimated because actual figures are and will remain unavailable. The reporting of the second, third and fourth measures should begin with the quarter preceding the ARRA-funded project.

By aggregating these measures across all cities and counties, spokespersons will be able to use ARRA funds to bring greater energy efficiency to public facilities and equipment.

Measures for street resurfacing projects, water and sewer service expansion, water reuse and desalination, broadband initiatives, public housing, weatherization, police force expansion, public transit, and projects to avoid homelessness are proposed in the ICMA white paper