Engineering Analysis

By Author: allan
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In the formulation of nearly any engineering design project, some type of analysis is required. The analysis may involve stress-strain calculations, heat-transfer computations, or the use of differential equations to describe the dynamic behavior of the system being designed. The computer can be used to aid in this analysis work. It is often necessary that specific programs be developed internally by the engineering analysis group to solve a particular design problem. In other situations, commercially available general-purpose programs can be used to perform the engineering analysis.
CAD/CAM system often includes or can be interfaced to engineering analysis software which can be called to operate on the current design model. We discuss two important examples of this type:
Analysis of mass properties;
Finite element analysis. Replica Watches
The analysis of mass properties is the analysis feature of a CAD system that has probably the widest application. It provides properties of a solid object being analyzed, such as the surface area, weight, volume', center ...
... of gravity, and moment of inertia. For a plane surface (or a cross section of a solid object) the corresponding computations include the perimeter, area, and inertia properties.
Probably the most powerful analysis feature of a CAD system is the finite-element method. With this technique, the object is divided into a large number of finite elements (usually rectangular or triangular shapes) which form an interconnecting network of concentrated nodes.
By using a computer with significant computational capabilities, the entire object can be analyzed for stress-strain, heat transfer, and other characteristics by calculating the behavior of each node. By determining the interrelating behaviors of all the nodes in the system, the behavior of the entire object can be assessed.
Some CAD systems have the capability to define automatically the nodes and the network structure for the given object. The user simply defines certain parameters for the finite-element model, and the CAD system proceeds with the computations.
The output of the finite-element analysis is often best presented by the system in graphical format on the CRT screen for easy visualization by the user. For example, in stress-strain analysis of an object, the output may be shown in the form of a deflected shape superimposed over the unstressed object. This is illustrated in Fig. 6. 6. Color graphics can also be used to accentuate the comparison before and after deflection of the object. If the finite-element analysis indicates behavior of the design which is undesirable, the designer can modify the shape and re-compute the finite-element analysis for the revised design.
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