Telecommunications For Enterprisewide Computing

By Author: endeavor su
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Most large American businesses have restructured internally to reduce layers of middle management and create a leaner organization.

They have also tended to decentralize operations in order to respond more quickly to market opportunities and competitors actions. The net result of these internal changes is that [telecommunications] has become more important than ever for the remaining, often geographically dispersed, managers.

In this section we will discuss several important enterprise wide computing applications of telecommunications. That is, we will explore how telecommunications networks help provide the computing capabilities needed by today's business firms, government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and other types of enterprises.

These enterprises use telecommunications networks to link their computing resources to support interdepartmental work groups, geographically dispersed work sites, interorganizational alliances, and global operations.

Client/ Server Computing Client/server technology promises many things to many people: to end users, easier access to corporate ...
... and external data; to managers, dramatically lower costs for processing; to programmers, reduced maintenance; to corporate planners, an infrastructure that enables business processes to be reengineered for strategic benefits. Whether client/server lives up to these promises will depend in large part on how carefully it is planned for, and how intelligently policies are put forth to manage it.

Client/server computing has become the model for a new information architecture that will take enterprise wide computing into the 21st century. Computing power has rapidly become distributed and interconnected throughout many organizations through networks of all types' of computers.

More and more, networked computer systems are taking the form of cline server] networks. In a client/server network, end user microcomputer workstations are the clients. They are interconnected by local area networks, and share application processing with LAN servers which also manage the networks.

These local area networks may also be interconnected to other LANs and wide area networks of client workstations and servers.With client/server computing, end users at client LAN workstations can handle a broad range of information processing tasks. They can thus perform some or most of the processing of their business applications.

This includes data entry and other user interface activities, inquiry response, transaction processing, updating databases, generating reports, and providing decision support. LAN servers can share application processing, manage work group collaboration, and control common hardware, software, and databases.

Thus, data can be completely processed locally, where most input and output (and errors and problems) must be handled anyway, while still providing access to the workstations and servers in other networks. This provides computer processing more tailored to the needs of end users and increases information processing efficiency and effectiveness as users become more responsible for their own application systems.

Client/server computing also lets large central-site computers handle those jobs they can do best, such as high-volume transaction processing, communications network security and control, and maintenance and control of large corporate databases.

User clients at local sites can access these super servers to receive corporate wide management information or transmit summary transaction data reflecting local site activities.

Distributed Processing. Client/server computing is the latest form of distributed processing. In distributed processing, information processing activities in an organization are accomplished by using a network of computers interconnected by telecommunications links instead of relying on one large centralized computer facility or on the decentralized operation of several independent computers.

For example, a distributed processing network may consist of mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers, dispersed over a wide geographic area and interconnected by wide area networks. Or it may take the form of a client/server network of end user workstations and network servers distributed within user departments in interconnected local area networks.

Cooperative Processing. Client/ server computing may also involve cooperative processing. Cooperative processing allows the various types of computers in a distributed processing network to share the processing of parts of an end user's application. Application software packages are available which have common user interfaces and functions so they can operate consistently on networks of micro, mini, and mainframe computer systems.

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