Influence Of Carbon, Nitrogen, Temperature And Ph On The Growth And Sporulation Of Isolate Of Colletotricum Gloeosporioides (penz.) Penz. And Sacc. Ca

By Author: Sahib Shah Sayad
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INTRODUCTION
Afghanistan is an area of diversification for many fruit tree species, among which pomegranate. The areas of major diffusion of scattered wild populations and productive orchards are the Provinces of Kandahar, Balkh, Farah, Kapisa, Samangan, Nangarhar, Paktia, and Heart (Samadi, et al., 2012). The total production in 2017 was about 99,871 (Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock) on a surface of about 9,721 hectares of land, [Daqiq, M. H., 2021]. In the last few years, the demand for pomegranates has increased and new orchards have been established. The pomegranate tree is affected by many diseases, among them, anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Anamorph: Glomerella cingulata Stomen), is one of the most important diseases of pomegranate (Punica granatum) prevalent in most tropical and sub-tropical countries. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has a large host range, particularly in tropical areas causing diseases most frequently in warm moist environments encountered in the humid and sub-humid tropical zones.
The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous ...
... changes over the last decade, with over 200 species being currently recognized and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species. Many of these species are important plant pathogens, some rather polyphagous and others host-specific, but several occur seldom and some may, in fact, be ecologically endangered. Based mainly on literature from the past decade, in this work, we review the occurrence, geographic distribution, and host spectrum of currently recognized Colletotrichum species under phylogenetic, pathological/agronomic, and ecological perspectives, providing a list arranged by Colletotrichum species and species complexes A total of 257 species are listed and grouped into 15 species complexes [Talhinhas, P., & Baroncelli, R., 2021].
Morpho-taxonomic criteria such as morphological characters i.e., conidial shape and size, aspersoria morphology and size, setae morphology and temperature response on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and host specificity are being currently used for the identification of Colletotrichum spp [GR, T. N., & Kuiate, J. R ]
Morphology will always form the basis of separation between species or groups of species. However, morphological features vary considerably with environmental conditions, and comparing cultures with material observed directly from infected plant tissue is especially difficult. The currently available classification system for Colletotrichum does not work effectively. There is great potential for augmentation of morphological, physiological, and nutritional characteristics with molecular data for a better classification system. Such data will allow the development of proper, objective, and even automated identification techniques. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the nutritional and physiological requirements of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease of pomegranate with the aim of understanding the proper identification of the pathogen [Talhinhas, P., & Baroncelli, R. 2021]