Deadlock In Operating System

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Every process needs some resources to complete its execution. However, the resource is granted in a sequential order.

The process requests some resources.
OS grants the resource if it is available otherwise let the process waits.
The process uses it and releases it on completion.
A Deadlock is a situation where each of the computer processes waits for a resource that is being assigned to another process. In this situation, none of the process gets executed since the resource it needs, is held by some other process that is also waiting for some other resource to be released.

Mutual Exclusion
A resource can only be shared in a mutually exclusive manner. It implies that two processes cannot use the same resource at the same time.

Hold and Wait
A process waits for some resources while holding another resource at the same time.

No preemption
The process once scheduled will be executed till the completion. No other process can be scheduled by the scheduler meanwhile.

Circular Wait
All the processes must be waiting for the resources in a cyclic manner so that ...
... the last process is waiting for the resource which is being held by the first process.

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