Limitations In Financial Statements Analysis

By Author: David Brown
Total Articles: 22
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Financial statements analysis is an essential tool for businesses as it helps business owners to view their financial performance and position better. It shows unnecessary expenditures, outstanding costs, investments, etc. The accountant applies financial ratio analysis and other techniques to interpret the meaning and significance of various transactions. However, the picture is not as rosy as it seems. Despite the significant advantages and dire need for financial analysis, some limitations affect financial information's accurate and fair view. Therefore, analysts need to be careful while evaluating the outcomes and keep these shortcomings in mind. 

The following points highlight the limitations of financial ratio analysis:

Quality of financial statements' data:

Financial analysis occurs by examining the transactions and entries in financial statements. However, if the data entered in these statements is not accurate, complete, or reliable, it will not generate a fair view. Despite conducting audits and reconciliation with the help of accounting software like Xero accounting ...
... software, the reports are not precisely error-free. There may be underlying issues that could not get detected for long. Similarly, window-dressing financial information occurs when businesses want to impress investors and lenders. Therefore, the compromised quality of financial statements negatively affects their analysis. 

Misrepresentations can cause massive frauds that can break the market. Therefore, businesses and investors must be careful while trusting a firms' credibility. 

Standalone analysis:

If a business wants a holistic view of its performance and position in the industry, analyzing the financial statements alone will not bear adequate results. An accurate and fair view of firms' position is available only compared to competitors and market advantages. For a better understanding, the following example will relate the significance of inter-firm comparisons:

A firm X grew 5% in the current year compared to 6% in the previous year. The financial ratio analysis of standalone financial statements shows a downward slope. However, if the industry average were lower than 5% in the year, it would show a better view. It would mean that the firm overcame the challenges faced by the entire sector and performed better. Thus, this would be an overall fair view of the company's performance. 

Moreover, the government regulations and socio-political factors affecting the industry also substantially affect the company's operations. Although they do not impact financial statements, their consequences affect a firms' functioning. 

Based on historical data, assumptions, and projections:

A company prepares financial statements based on historical figures. The profit and loss account presents past years' performance. Similarly, the balance sheet shows assets and liabilities at a particular date. Financial ratio analysis involves studying these details apply assumptions to generate results. Also, by analyzing patterns and provisions, firms arrive at projections. 

Assumptions can be personal and full of subjectivity, affecting the quality of financial statements. Thus, financial analysis suffers. It can lead to incorrect or unreasonable results. 

Relevance:

The financial statements prepared by a company do not stay relevant for a long time. Especially in current times when things move in the blink of a second, consuming information on time is highly crucial. It ensures that the data does not lose its relevance and worth. 

Moreover, every analysis happens to serve a purpose. Thus, if this situation and purpose change, the financial ratio analysis will be irrelevant. It can lead to incorrect or immaterial decisions at such times. 

Avoidance of qualitative factors:

Since financial ratio analysis uses quantitative expressions, it eliminates the qualitative factors affecting a firms' operations. These factors include:

Management expertise

Ethical standards for management and employees

Training quality

Vendor and customer relationship management

Employee morale and connection to firms' vision and mission
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