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The Arab Spring
“The Arab Spring” was a term used to describe the events that took place in the Arab Nations starting from December 2010. Riots that took place at that time were often violent; though some were not; also involved civil wars. Since then, there have been radical changes in political leadership of the affected countries, with most of their leaders overthrown and some even killed (Eric, 2011a). Angry protesters came to the streets of their capital and major cities, demonstrating and demanding to change governance and admit the violation of human rights. Poor living conditions and increased poverty levels alongside high inflation rates led to the discomfort of the general population living in their respective countries. The economic issues were expansively raised in Egypt, while other social matters such as oppression of basic rights and freedoms were questioned in other countries such as Tunisia. Despite having one of the best education and labor systems, there was massive oppression of political freedoms. The leaders were dictatorial, and their subjects wanted to change the situation no matter what it ...
... cost them.
During “The Arab Spring”, political leaders were forced to leave their positions. The Tunisian president ran away in January 2011, while the Egyptian leader was overthrown and taken to court. His predecessor was also ousted later and faced charges (Plattner, 2011). The Libyan leader was killed by troops after the revolutions and internal wars led to the invasion of other countries. The Libyan population was both socially and politically oppressed for four decades of their leader’s rule. “The Arab Spring” then extended to Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria, where war continues to date. Other protests have been witnessed in Algeria, Morocco, Sudan, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait.
Impacts of “Arab Spring” on Political and Social Change
The Arab Spring left many impacts long after it started (Eric, 2011a). First, the social power raised, and the people started to see their strength in numbers. Over the years, the mostly affected countries such as Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya had been led by dictators who were strong and unmovable. The people remained oppressed and did not have any channels to put their sentiments through. This was instantly erased by the revolutions where despite the involvement of the army and other forceful strategies by the dictators, the people still managed to oust them. There has been a better political environment in Egypt and Tunisia, where a possibility of a transition in political stewardship seems eminent ensuring a better future. However, the political and social milieu in Yemen and Libya seems to get worse as none of the two countries has made any step towards reconstruction (Eric, 2011a). There is a more possibility of eruption of civil wars that will cripple the recuperating society. In Egypt, the removal and replacement of the first ruler was seen as liberation, but this was quickly followed by the removal of the second leader. At the same time, there has been a created rivalry between religion and secularism in the affected countries. While some people still uphold the Islamic views, there are groups within the societies that are fragmenting the society as a whole. Overall, there has been massive uncertainty witnessed in these countries with regard to their future economic capabilities. The political milestones may lead to increased democracy, while the social environment has disintegrated and unprecedented social rivalries witnessed.
Effects of the “Arab Spring” on Terrorism
“Arab Spring” was a catalyst to terrorism (Eric, 2011a). In Libya, the uprising led to the killing of Muammar Gaddafi where people celebrated the fall of their dictator and oppressor. Since the killing of the president, there has been political unrest that has threatened the social milieu in the country. The political environment is poor, and the rich families are still in control of the national affairs. The original goals of fighting the dictatorial regime have not been achieved; thus, it seems like another similar regime is being created. This will further perforate the society.
A weak society is easy to penetrate and form a base (Plattner, 2011). With the killing of the Al Qaeda leader, the arguably biggest and strongest terrorist group, the terrorist community has to reorganize and strategize. The volatile countries that are marred with social injustices and social dissatisfaction provide the Islamic extremists with good grounds. Some of the leaders in Libya after the fall of Gadhafi sympathize the terrorist groups. As the terrorists look to shift their base from the more hostile and obvious grounds in the Middle East, they will have ready grounds in the destabilized African states (Plattner, 2011).
The union formed by the Libyan people against their leader provides social strength and a feeling of success through violence. Since terrorists are more inclined to violence, the young and unemployed people in the economically unstable country might join the Islamic extremist groups.
There have already been attacks on American interests in Libya, which shows that the terrorists have adopted the model of targeting the less stable places in the country. Their success could be a main catalyst in their activities even in future.
“Arab Spring” has generally led to the increased instability within the affected countries in political, social, and economic fields (Eric, 2011a). In countries like Egypt and Yemen, demonstrators were against their leaders terming them as puppets of the American government and eventually protagonists of the Israeli. This led to the increased uprising. The state-sponsored terrorist activities in the region were in support of the people since they were fighting the American support of the leaders. Terrorist activities in these countries were not government-sponsored, but received major support from the state-funded terrorism. The victory of the demonstrators was simply a victory of the terrorists eventually creating stronger bases for terrorism in future. The terrorists also obtained some political and leadership positions which they could use to influence decisions in future.
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