Colonoscopy Procedure

By Author: Rob Thomas
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Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the colon and the distal part of the small bowel by using a fiber optic or CCD camera on a flexible tube which is passed through the rectum. The procedure is used to examine gastrointestinal symptoms such as rectal and intestinal bleeding, diarrhea, changes in bowel habits, irregularity discovered on colon x- ray or a CT scan or abdominal pain.
The process of colonoscopy requires that the colon must be free of any solid matter so the doctor can clearly see the intestines so the test can be performed properly. To clean the colon requires a three day procedure of cleaning, the first day requires the patient to follow a low fiber or clear liquid only diet, which utilizes fluids like water, apple juice, lemonade, lemon-lime soda for flushing. Hydration is very important during this process. Persons should avoid eating prune, orange juice, milk and other liquids that are colored such as purple, orange with the exception of cola and in some cases black coffee.
On the day prior the colonoscopy procedure, the patient is given a laxative in the form of tablets or phospho soda, ...
... sodium picosulfate or magnesium citrate along with large amounts of fluid in order to endorse bowel movement. In some cases a solution of polyethylene glycol and electrolytes are given to flush the digestive system. On this day the person will more likely stay home so they can always access the toilet facilities.
On the day of the colonoscopy procedure, Patients are given pain relievers and a sedative to help the body to relax. The patient will be asked to wear a hospital gown and will go through a digital rectal examination which test the tone of the circular muscles to secure that the colon is clean. Persons are asked to lie on the left side with their knees placed into the chest, then a small amount of oxygen is then used to open up the colon so the specialist can see the colon lining. During a colonoscopy the doctor uses a long, flexible instrument to view the walls of the colon. The colonoscope is inserted into the anus and then advanced through the large intestines.
During the procedure, persons may feel a mild cramping that can be reduced by taking deep breaths. Sometimes small quantities of tissue are taken out for testing called biopsy. This is performed in order to diagnose and treat problems found without the need for major operation surgical procedure. At the end of the procedure, the colonoscope is slowly taken out while the lining of the bowel is carefully examine. This progression will usually last about thrity minutes.
After the procedure is over, patients may encounter feelings of gas and will be asked remain in the recovery room for observation. When the patient is now able to leave they will be advised as to when they can continue their regular diet. In most cases, the colonoscopy process has a very low risks of developing serious complications. The most serious complication would be a hole in the walls of the colon called a gastrointestinal perforation which can be fatal and requires immediate major surgery for repair. This situation however happens only once in every 2000 cases.
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